Camera for making parallax panoramagrams



May 5, 1936. H. E. IVES CAMERA FOR MAKING PARALLAX PANORAMAGRAMS Origifial Filed Dec. 50, 19

30 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR M a: M

BY WM ATTORN EY Ma 5, 1936. H. E. WES 2,039,648

CAMERA FOR MAKING PARALLAX PANORAMAGRAMS Original Filed Dec. 50, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 SEMI-TRANSPARE N T MIRROR CONS/STING OF GLASS PLATE FULLY S/LVE RED WITH SILVER C OAT/N6 REMOVED IN FINE STRIPS. SILVER I5 REPRESENTED BY DOTTED SEMI-TRANSPARE N T MIRROR C ONSIS TING OF GLASS PLATE FULLY SILVERED WITH SILVER COAT/N6 REMOVED TO LEA E PATCHES OF COATING. SILVER C AT/NG IS REPRESE N TED BVDOTTED AREAS.

SEMI-TRANSPARENT MIRROR C ONS/S TING OF GLASS PLATE THI/VLY SILVERED. THIN C OAT/N6 OF SILVER IS REPRESENTED BY DOTTED'AREA.

3 5. BY @M W ATTORNEY.

Patented May 5, 1 936 UNITED STATES omen roa MAKING PARALLAX PANORAMAGRAMS Herbert E. Ives, Montclair, N. 1., assignor to The Perser Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Refiled for abandoned application, Serial No. 503,733, December 30, 1930. This application May 6, 1933, Serial No. 669,677

Claims.

This invention relates to apparatus for making parallax panoramagrams (a term I have employed to describe pictures showing relief through a large range of angles and distances as fully described in an application, Serial No. 503,733, filed December 30, 1930, which application was abandoned by inadvertence) In my Patent l lo. 1,882,424, I have described e.

method of ma such pictures, the essential feasures of which is a lens of diameter large comwith the distance between the eyes. This lenses used conjunction with an opaque line grating or a structure cf fine cylindrical at a sine-ll front of the photographic plate, wncse function is ts divide the picture into narrcw strips each or" which are units of a. minute panorama, successive linear elements oiwisich are due to diff rent elements of the lens, and hence to difierent points or view cf the object 2% p otographed, The resultant negatives may be utilized to make relief pictures in either of two ways. They may be used to print pictures by contact which are then placed before and slight- 1y separated from another opaque grating for viewing, or positives may be-made by projectives printing, using a similar large lens, both negative and positive plate having opaque line gratlugs or cylindrical ridges interposed between them and the lens.

'method of making reliet pictures it is necessary to have-a lens of such large size and short focal length that the technical problems of manufac-' 35 'ture presents great difiiculty. Thus a desirable eter and two feet focal length, and to those familiar with the problems of lens design it is clear that such a lens would be difficult to construct and extremely costly. It is the object of my present invention to provide a simple and less costly means of achieving the same results as those given by the large diameter lens.

My means for accomplishing the foregoing object of my invention may be more readily comprehended by having reference to the accompanying drawings; which are hereunto annexed anllg1 made a part of this specification, in which 8. is a diagrammatic view sho h invention may be utilized; and ow my Fig. 2 is a modified form of the same.

Fig. 3 is a detail view of one kind of semi-transparent mirror to be used with my. invention; Fig. 41sasimilarviewotamodifledformofthe p5 same.

In order to fully realize the possibilities of this design of lens would be one of two feet diam,

Fig. 5 is 'a similar view of a semi-transparent mirror thinly silvered.

Similar reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the entire description.

My invention consists, as shown inthe draw- 3 ings, of a iargc concave mirror or strip therefrom. As is well known, a concave mirror, of sphericai, ellipsoidal, or paraboloidal curvature, has the property of forming images, as does a lens, but utilizes only a single figured surface whereby the 113 expense of manufacture is greatly reduced. A characteristic limitation of such a mirror is that the incident and reflected rays occupy the same space, so that some means for separating them is necessary. For this purpose I provide a 45 semi-transparent plate mirror 2 inthe path the incident rays extending the whole length at the mirror l. The action of the strip of concave mirror 5 is thus as tcllows: Light from the object- 3 passing through the plane of the transparent mirror 2 is reflected from the concave mirror I strip 3 to the semi-transparent mirror 2, and from this mirror it is again reflected to form an. image on the sensitive plate 4 through the gratm 5 The result of this procedure is to produce on the sensitive plate R an image exactly like that made by the large lens described in my Patent No. 1,882,424, issued October 11, 1932. This is for the reason that an even number of image inver- 3 sions have been introduced, one at each mirror, leai ing the image unaltered. Consequently the photographic negative obtained on the sensitive plate 4 are to be treated exactly as the negative obtained with the large lens. They may be used either for colored printing for later combination with a grating on the proper side for producing stereoscopic relief, .,or they ,may be rephotographed by the same similar apparatus as that shown in Figure 1. 7

It is of interestto note that just as either a moving lens or a large lens can be used to make parallax panoramagrams, so a moving mirror apparatus can be constructed by a slight modification of the'large mirror scheme. This modlfication is illustrated in Figure 2. It differs from the apparatus of Figure 1 in that in place of a large stationary concave mirror, it uses a small concave mirror I, of the same focal length as the large mirror, arranged, however, to be swung, during the exposure, about an axis 6, through its center of curvature. Upon the completion of its path, the mirror I has of course given the sensitive plate 4 the equivalent of the exposure from the single large concave mirror I. (This 'pathotthesmallmirrorwouldnotbeaccurately playing asmallmoving mirror would be'much,

'views,l"lgs.3and4. r .Having'describedmyinvention, what Iregard '15:..- v .1 l. Inacameraiormakingparallaxpanorama-' circular. Actually, since most obiects photo graphed would be nearby, a spherical surface is asnearcorrect as aparaboloid) I Comparing this moving mirror device with moving lens devices, it is evident that the char- 'acteristic property oi the mirror 1. e. thatit forms its-image on the same side asthe objectmakes for avmore compact'and selt contained apparatus.

The cost oif'the optical parta of a' camera emless than the coat oi." a largelwncave mirror.

The advantage oi short exposure time howev'erybe sacrificed.

In the practical embodiment of the idea I use a semi-transparent mirror tormed of aglass concave mirror, or a glass plate tully silvered on the same side, from which the silver has been removed 'so as to leavejnne strips or;

patchesoiasizetoosi'nalltobe'clearlydeflned in the flnal picture asclearly as new and to'secure-by IetteraPatent grama'the combination ota concave mirror oil alength large as compared I between the-eyes, and of approximately-uniform width. with a sum-transparent mirror of apthe" some length W at tothepathoi theincidentlighttoreflecttoone side the image iorniedjby the concave mirror.

2. Int; cameraiormakingparallaxpanorama :1 Items, the combination oi a concave mirror of formed by mirror, -grunatheotalongeonca'vemirror,

a length comparable in length'withithe' obiect to be photographed, and or approximately uniform width, with a semi-transparent'mirror of approximately the s'amelength arranged at 45' to the path of the incident-light to reflect to oneside the image formed by'the concave mirror.

'3. lnacame'ratormakingparallaxpanoramm grams, the combination olf a concave-mirror of a semi-transparent mirror of approximately the ,samelength arranged at 45' to thepath ot the incidentlightto reiiecttooneaide 4. Ia n mica-making accepts seen'in the detail ma or 'width, with a semi-transparent mirror of appmximately'the same length arranged at 45 to the path of the incident light-to reflect to one formed by the concave mirror.

5. ma camera for making parallax side the image grams,- the combination ot; a small concave mirror arranged t'o-be swung aboutan axis through its center of curvature, with a semi-transparent mirror of approximately the length of the path ot the small mirror arranged at 45 to the path of the incident light to reflect to one image- !ormed by the concave mirror; 7 V -6.' In a camera for making parallax panoramagrams the combination of a small concave mirside a the ror arranged to be swung aboutthe object. to

be photographed on an axis through its center of curvature, with a'semi-transparent mirronoi plate thinly silvered on the side-towards approximately the length of the paththrough which the small mirror is'swung arranged at 45' to the path of the incident light to reflect to one side the image formed by the concave mirror.

' -7. ma camera for'making parallax panoramagrams, the combination of a small concave mir-' ror, means to swing said-mirror about anaxia through its center. of curvature,-with a semitransparent mirror of approximately the length 0! the path which the small'mirror is approximately the length offthe. path through a which' the small-mirror is swung arranged at 45 to the path of the incident light to reflect to one]- side the image formed by the concave mirror."

' 9. In a camera for making parallax panoramagrams, the combination of a concave mirror, with a semi-transparent mirror placed obliquely in the path of the light irom an object to be photo- -graphed incident upon the mirror to reflect to one'side the image formed by the concave mirror. alcngth-greaterthanthedistancebetweenthe.

. Ieycs. and oi approximately; with ject to be photographed incident upon the mire t o reiiect' to, one-side the formed'by theeoncave'mirror. Q n. rv ns. 

